Hiatus Hernia Surgery In India
Hiatus Hernia Surgery
Hiatus hernia is a common diagnosis of the upper digestive system that can affect individuals with varying degrees of severity. To understand this disorder it is helpful to learn normal anatomy and the abnormal changes that produce this condition. The diaphragm is a thin, flat muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. It regulates respiration by moving up and down. For any structure to pass through the diaphragm, there must be an opening, referred to as a hiatus.
Causes
Most of the time, the cause is not known. Some people develop a hiatal hernia after sustaining an injury to that area of the body; others are born with a weakness or an especially large hiatus. Some experts suspect that increased pressure in the abdomen from coughing, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy and delivery, or substantial weight gain may contribute to the development of a hiatal hernia…
Symptoms
In most patients, hiatus hernias cause no symptoms. This is especially true of sliding hernias. When symptoms occur, they may only be heartburn and regurgitation, when stomach acid refluxes back into the esophagus. Some patients with fixed hiatus hernias experience chronic reflux of acid into the esophagus, which may cause injury and bleeding. Anemia, or low red blood cell count, can result. Further, chronic inflammation of the lower esophagus may produce scarring and narrowing in this area. This, in turn, makes swallowing difficult, and food does not pass easily into the stomach…
Types of hiatus hernia
There are two main types of hiatus hernia : -
Sliding hiatus hernia : -This is the most common type, affecting eight in 10 people with a hiatus hernia. The hernia occurs when the top part of the stomach, called the gastro-oesophageal sphincter, slides up through the diaphragm.
Rolling hiatus hernia : – This type affects only about two in 10 people with a hiatus hernia. It involves part of the stomach bulging up through the opening in the diaphragm, while the gastro-oesophageal sphincter stays below it. It is also sometimes called a para-oesophageal hernia..
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a hiatus hernia is typically made through an upper GI barium x-ray. A complementary test is gastroscopy, or upper-intestinal endoscopy, in which the physician visually examines the esophagus and stomach using a flexible scope while the patient is lightly sedated…
complications
Chronic heartburn and inflammation of the lower esophagus, called reflux esophagitis Anemia due to chronic bleeding from the lower esophagus Scarring and narrowing of the lower esophagus causing difficulty in swallowing While sleeping, stomach secretions can seep up the esophagus and into the lungs causing chronic cough, wheezing, and even pneumonia…
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