Hernia Surgery In India
Overview
Q. What is a hernia?
A hernia is an opening or weakness in the muscular structure of the wall of the abdomen. This defect causes a bulging of the abdominal wall. This bulging is usually more noticeable when the abdominal muscles are tightened, thereby increasing the pressure in the abdomen. Any activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure can worsen a hernia; examples of such activities are lifting, coughing, or even straining to have a bowel movement.
Imagine a barrel with a hole in its side and a balloon that is blown up inside the barrel. Part of the inflated balloon would bulge out through the hole. The balloon going through the hole is like the tissues of the abdomen bulging through a hernia…
symptoms of hernias
A noticeable protrusion in the groin area or in the abdomen Feeling pain while lifting A dull aching sensation A vague feeling of fullness Nausea and constipation…
causes
The wall of the abdomen has natural areas of potential weakness. Hernias can develop at these or other areas due to heavy strain on the abdominal wall, aging, injury, an old incision or a weakness in the abdominal wall present at birth. Anyone can get a hernia at any age. Most hernias in children are congenital. In adults, a natural weakness or strain from heavy lifting, persistent coughing, difficulty with bowel movements or urination can cause the abdominal wall to weaken or separate, and hernias to form…
Types of hernia
Inguinal hernia Femoral hernia Umbilical hernia Incisional hernia…
Treatment
Surgical methods currently employed to repair hernias include open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. A hiatal hernia is corrected by a surgical procedure called Nissen fundoplication…
Open Surgery
The type of anesthesia utilized during open hernia repair surgery depends on the patient’s and the physician’s preference, as well as the health of the patient. Choice of anesthesia includes general, which renders the patient unconscious and prevents memory of the surgery; epidural or spinal, which numbs a large area of the body; and local, which numbs the immediate area around the hernia. Local and spinal anesthetics are often used with sedation, which induces drowsiness…
Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic surgery can be used for hernia repair. Instead of one long incision, four or five tiny incisions are made in the area around the hernia. A device called a laparoscope, which is a miniature scope attached to a video camera, is inserted into one of the incisions. The surgeon is able to see the hernia and the surrounding tissue and organs on a video screen…
Risks
Pain in the cord that carries sperm from the testicle to the penis (spermatic cord), in the testicles, or in the thighs. Fluid (seromas) or blood (hematomas) in the scrotum, the inguinal canal, or the abdominal muscles. Inability to urinate (urinary retention) or bladder injury. Infection from the mesh or stitches. Scar tissue formation (adhesions). Injury to abdominal organs, blood vessels, and nerves. Numbness in the thigh. Pain in the thigh (nerve entrapment). Injury to the testicle, causing testicular atrophy (rare). Recurrence of the hernia (usually related to the mesh applied during surgery being too small to cover the groin area or the mesh not being stapled well)…
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